Leaders and Manages aren’t the same.
John Kotter analysed the difference between leadership and management in business, in his book A Force For Change.
He noted that “good management brought a degree of order and consistency to key dimensions like the quality and profitability of products. “Leadership… [however] …does not produce consistency and order…; it produces movement.” (p. 4). 
His research found that leaders have 4 characteristics:
1: intelligence
2. drive
. 
3. mental / emotional health 
4. integrity
His key point: leaders possess all 4, not just a lot of one or some. 
And note the absence of charisma from the list. In my 30 year experience as a management consultant, I’d also add that #4 is the first to go from the list!
Your thoughts?
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